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scientists used supercomputer

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simulations to throw eight different

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types of stars at a monster black hole

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their goal is to create more realistic

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models of tidal disruption events which

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occur when unlucky stars stray too close

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to black holes

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gravitational forces create intense

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tides that deform the stars and break

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them into streams of gas

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these simulations are the first to

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combine the physical effects of

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einstein's general theory of relativity

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and virtual stars with realistic

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internal structures

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this schematic shows the star's

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trajectory

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in this version of the simulations the

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black hole has one million times the

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sun's mass

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and the stars are about 24 million miles

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away at their closest

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the model stars range from about 1 10 to

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10 times the sun's mass

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the colors reflect their densities

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from the lowest shown in blue to the

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in some cases the stars are fully pulled

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apart

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in others they're only partially

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disrupted

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as these stars move farther from the

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black hole their own gravity pulls them

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back together

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surprisingly the stars that fully and

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partially disrupt aren't cleanly divided

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by mass

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the sun-like star along with those with

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0.15 0.3 and 0.7 solar masses survive

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their close encounters

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but stars with 0.4 0.5 3 and 10 times

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the sun's mass are completely torn apart

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the difference between survival and

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destruction

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depends on the star's internal density

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simulations like these will help

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astronomers build a better picture of

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these catastrophic events

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occurring in galaxies millions of light